Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, painful lesions that develop in the mouth or at the base of the gums. Although usually harmless, they can cause significant discomfort, especially when eating, drinking, or speaking. This article will explore the causes, symptoms, types, treatment options, and prevention strategies for mouth ulcers.
What is a Mouth Ulcer?
A mouth ulcer is an open sore that occurs inside the oral cavity, typically on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. These ulcers are not contagious and are usually self-limiting, healing within 7 to 14 days.
Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers
Mouth ulcers can develop due to various reasons. The most common causes include:
- Minor injury to the mouth (from biting, dental work, or braces)
- Nutritional deficiencies, especially in iron, vitamin B12, and folate
- Hormonal changes (common during menstruation or pregnancy)
- Stress and anxiety
- Food sensitivities, particularly to acidic or spicy foods
- Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs, beta-blockers, or chemotherapy drugs)
- Underlying medical conditions, such as:
- Celiac disease
- Crohn’s disease
- Behçet’s disease
- Autoimmune disorders
Types of Mouth Ulcers
There are three main types of mouth ulcers:
1. Minor Ulcers
- Most common (around 80% of cases)
- Small, round or oval with a white or yellow center and red border
- Heal within 7–10 days without scarring
2. Major Ulcers
- Larger and deeper than minor ulcers
- May take several weeks to heal
- Can cause scarring
3. Herpetiform Ulcers
- Numerous small, pinhead-sized sores
- Often appear in clusters
- Not caused by the herpes virus
Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers
Typical symptoms of a mouth ulcer include:
- A round or oval sore inside the mouth
- White, yellow, or gray center with a red border
- Pain or discomfort while eating or speaking
- Swelling around the sore
- Occasional fever (in severe cases)
How to Treat Mouth Ulcers
Most mouth ulcers heal on their own, but some treatments can help reduce pain and speed up recovery.
Over-the-Counter Treatments
- Topical gels or ointments (e.g., benzocaine, hydrogen peroxide)
- Antiseptic mouth rinses
- Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Home Remedies
- Rinse with salt water or baking soda solution
- Apply honey or coconut oil directly to the sore
- Use aloe vera gel for soothing relief
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if:
- The ulcer lasts longer than 3 weeks
- There are frequent recurrences
- You experience difficulty eating or drinking
- You have a high fever or swollen lymph nodes
Preventing Mouth Ulcers
Prevention is key to reducing the frequency and severity of mouth ulcers. Here are some tips:
- Maintain good oral hygiene
- Avoid spicy, acidic, or rough foods
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
- Stay hydrated
- Reduce stress through relaxation techniques
- Address nutritional deficiencies with a balanced diet or supplements
- Avoid known triggers, such as certain foods or toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Are mouth ulcers contagious?
No, mouth ulcers are not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Can mouth ulcers be a sign of something serious?
Occasionally, recurrent or non-healing mouth ulcers can be a symptom of underlying health conditions. If you’re concerned, consult a healthcare professional.
How long do mouth ulcers last?
Most minor mouth ulcers heal within 1 to 2 weeks. Major or more severe ulcers may take longer.
Conclusion
Mouth ulcers are a common yet painful condition that can interfere with daily life. Understanding the causes and adopting effective treatment and prevention strategies can help manage and reduce their occurrence. If you’re experiencing persistent or unusually painful mouth ulcers, it’s important to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.